See rough breathing in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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{
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],
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{
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{
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},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "cmn",
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},
{
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"code": "fi",
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"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "Ancient Greek diacritical mark",
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},
{
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},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "Ancient Greek diacritical mark",
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},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "Ancient Greek diacritical mark",
"tags": [
"masculine"
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"word": "Spiritus asper"
},
{
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"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "daseía",
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"feminine"
],
"word": "δασεία"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "dasù pneûma",
"sense": "Ancient Greek diacritical mark",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "δασὺ πνεῦμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "Ancient Greek diacritical mark",
"tags": [
"masculine"
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"word": "spirito aspro"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "la",
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"sense": "Ancient Greek diacritical mark",
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"masculine"
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"word": "spīritus asper"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "la",
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"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "Ancient Greek diacritical mark",
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"feminine"
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},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "Ancient Greek diacritical mark",
"word": "przydech mocny"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "Ancient Greek diacritical mark",
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"masculine"
],
"word": "espírito áspero"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
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"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "dasíja",
"sense": "Ancient Greek diacritical mark",
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"feminine"
],
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},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "scn",
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"lang_code": "scn",
"sense": "Ancient Greek diacritical mark",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
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},
{
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"code": "es",
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"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "Ancient Greek diacritical mark",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "espíritu áspero"
}
]
},
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{
"_dis": "29 71",
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
"_dis": "21 79",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "smooth breathing"
},
{
"word": "spiritus lenis"
}
],
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"A diacritic (῾ (h)/◌̔) in Ancient, Medieval and Modern Greek used to indicate this aspiration (or its historical presence), e.g. ἁ, ῥ."
],
"id": "en-rough_breathing-en-noun-dQ8gbrbk",
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"(orthography) A diacritic (῾ (h)/◌̔) in Ancient, Medieval and Modern Greek used to indicate this aspiration (or its historical presence), e.g. ἁ, ῥ."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "spiritus asper"
},
{
"word": "dasia"
},
{
"word": "dasy pneuma"
}
],
"topics": [
"communications",
"journalism",
"literature",
"media",
"orthography",
"publishing",
"writing"
]
}
],
"word": "rough breathing"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English lemmas",
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{
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"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Calque of Latin spīritus asper, from Ancient Greek δασὺ πνεῦμα (dasù pneûma).",
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{
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"(phonetics) Aspiration on a vowel or semivowel in Ancient Greek."
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},
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"(orthography) A diacritic (῾ (h)/◌̔) in Ancient, Medieval and Modern Greek used to indicate this aspiration (or its historical presence), e.g. ἁ, ῥ."
],
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{
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},
{
"word": "dasy pneuma"
}
],
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"literature",
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{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "dasija",
"sense": "Ancient Greek diacritical mark",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дасия"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"sense": "Ancient Greek diacritical mark",
"word": "粗氣符 /粗气符"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "Ancient Greek diacritical mark",
"word": "vahva henkäys"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "Ancient Greek diacritical mark",
"word": "spiritus asper"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "Ancient Greek diacritical mark",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "esprit rude"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "Ancient Greek diacritical mark",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Spiritus asper"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "daseía",
"sense": "Ancient Greek diacritical mark",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "δασεία"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "dasù pneûma",
"sense": "Ancient Greek diacritical mark",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "δασὺ πνεῦμα"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "Ancient Greek diacritical mark",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "spirito aspro"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "Ancient Greek diacritical mark",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "spīritus asper"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "Ancient Greek diacritical mark",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dasīa"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "Ancient Greek diacritical mark",
"word": "przydech mocny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "Ancient Greek diacritical mark",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "espírito áspero"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "dasíja",
"sense": "Ancient Greek diacritical mark",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "даси́я"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"sense": "Ancient Greek diacritical mark",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "spìritu àguru"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "Ancient Greek diacritical mark",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "espíritu áspero"
}
],
"word": "rough breathing"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rough breathing meaning in English (5.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (d1270d2 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.